去势比格犬腹部脂肪与相关血清学指标及骨密度的变化关系

目的通过建立去势比格犬模型,观察绝经早期腹部脂肪变化规律,并通过对脂肪与骨代谢相关血清学指标的测量与分析,探讨脂肪及骨代谢的关键影响因素。方法选取6只成年雌性比格犬进行去势术,分别在术前、术后4个月、6个月、10个月进行腰椎定量CT(quantatitive computed tomography,QCT)腹部脂肪面积、骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)、MRI腰椎骨髓脂肪含量及血清学指标的检测,比较不同时间各指标的变化趋势及关系。结果比格犬腹内脂肪面积(visceral fat area,VFA)、皮下脂肪面积(subcutaneous fat area,SFA)、腹部总脂肪面积(total fat area,TFA)在术后6个月、10个月均增加(P0.05),术后10个月VFA增加百分比均值为84.39%,且为三者中最大;术后比格犬BMD并未明显降低。体重、BMD、瘦素(leptin,LP)、VFA、高密度脂蛋白(high-density lipoprotein,HDL)与SFA相关。SFA、体重、低密度脂蛋白(low-density lipoprotein,LDL)、内脏脂肪素(visfatin,VFN)与BMD相关。结论去势比格犬模型可用于研究绝经后雌激素缺乏所引起的脂肪代谢变化,但短期内BMD并未明显丢失,骨、脂肪代谢之间存在交互作用。     

脂肪移植治疗黑眼圈的研究进展

黑眼圈是一种复杂的眼部美容问题，临床上需要根据病因选择合适的治疗方法。脂肪移植对于由皮肤过薄引起的皮下肌肉、血管透过皮肤可见所导致的血管性黑眼圈和结构性黑眼圈有较好的效果。近年来，脂肪移植技术的发展为治疗黑眼圈提供了更多新的方案。本文就脂肪移植治疗黑眼圈的研究进展进行综述，旨在为眼整形医生治疗黑眼圈提供参考资料。     

多层螺旋CT定量评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情的价值

目的探讨多层螺旋CT(MSCT)定量评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病病情的价值。方法选取2017年8月～2018年7月在湖州市第一人民医院就诊的73例慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者作为研究对象,按照病情轻重分为Ⅰ组(轻度患者17例)、Ⅱ组(中度患者32例)、Ⅲ组(重度患者24例),并选取同期于该院体检的健康者20例为对照组。所有研究对象均行MSCT低剂量扫描,观察比较各组管腔面积(Ai)、支气管壁面积百分比(WA%)、管壁厚度与体表面积比值(T/BSA)、壁厚度与直径比值(TDR),同时予以肺功能检查,采用定量CT气道分析软件分别测量气道相关参数,并用Siemens Pulmo软件Pearson定量分析其相关性。结果对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的FEV1均呈逐渐下降趋势,FEV1/FVC呈逐渐上升趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。对照组、Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的WA%、T/BSA、TDR比较,均呈逐渐上升趋势,Ai呈下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。FEV1与WA%、TDR之间呈负相关(r=-0.291,P=0.000;r=-0.473,P=0.000),FEV1/FVC与WA%、TDR之间呈正相关(r=0.285,P=0.000;r=0.472,P=0.000)。结论 MSCT扫描及定量分析可为COPD患者气道病变情况提供可靠的评估信息。     

Structural brain differences in emotional processing and regulation areas between male batterers and other criminals: A preliminary study

Poor emotion processing is thought to influence violent behaviors among male batterers in abusive relationships. Nevertheless, little is known about the neural mechanisms of emotion processing in this population. With the objective of better understanding brain structure and its relation to emotion processing in male batterers, the present study compares the cortical grey matter thickness of male batterers to that of other criminals in brain areas related to emotion. Differences among these brain areas were also compared to an emotional perception task. An MRI study and an emotional perception assessment was conducted with 21 male batterers and 20 men convicted of crimes other than Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Results demonstrated that batterers’ had significantly thinner cortices in prefrontal (orbitofrontal), midline (anterior and posterior cingulate) and limbic (insula, parahipocampal) brain regions. The thickness of the dorsal posterior cingulate cortex in the batterer group correlated with scores on the emotional perception task. These findings shed light on a neuroscientific approach to analyzing violent behavior perpetrated by male batterers, leading to a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms involved in IPV.     

有氧运动联合抗阻训练对男性肥胖青少年心血管危险因素的影响

目的 观察12周有氧运动联合抗阻训练对男性肥胖青少年心血管危险因素的影响。 方法 选取36例男性肥胖青少年（纳入肥胖组）以及36例年龄、性别相匹配的正常体重青少年（纳入对照组）作为研究对象。2组受试者均保持规律饮食习惯，肥胖组在此基础上进行12周有氧运动联合抗阻训练。于实验前、实验进行12周后分别检测2组受试者炎症因子、血脂、胰岛素敏感性、血管内皮功能以及身体成分等指标；并根据实验结束后内脏脂肪含量（VFM）变化值将肥胖组受试者进一步细分为VFM升高组和VFM降低组共2个亚组。 结果 实验前与对照组比较，发现肥胖组血清白细胞介素-1受体拮抗剂（IL-1Ra）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、瘦素、胰岛素（Ins）和胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IRI）、高敏C-反应蛋白（hs-CRP）及甘油三酯（TG）水平均明显升高（P<0.05），脂联素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）均明显降低（P<0.05）。实验后与实验前比较，发现肥胖组受试者体重无显著变化（P>0.05），血清IL-1Ra、干扰素-γ-诱导蛋白10（IP-10）、Ins及HOMA-IRI均明显降低（P<0.05）。亚组分析结果显示，实验后VFM降低组TG及HOMA-IRI下调幅度均较VFM升高组显著，组间差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 12周有氧运动联合抗阻训练能减轻肥胖男性青少年体内炎症反应及胰岛素抵抗水平；并以运动后VFM减少者其血脂水平及胰岛素敏感性改善幅度较显著。     

调整Kappa角及光学切削直径对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术后的影响

目的　评价调整光学切削直径及Kappa角后对准分子激光原位角膜磨镶术（laser in situ keratomileusis，LASIK）后效果的影响。方法　选取2017年1月至12月在我院行LASIK手术的高度近视患者313例（626眼），根据切削直径分成两组，试验组157例314眼，切削直径设定为6.0 mm，对照组156例312眼，切削直径设定为6.5 mm。试验组患者激光切削前修正Kappa角，对照组不做修正。患者术前进行裸眼视力、主视眼确定、验光、眼压、暗室下瞳孔直径、泪液分泌试验、裂隙灯、散瞳验光、眼底检查、pentacam测量角膜厚度、角膜地形图测量角膜前后表面及Kappa角等检查。术后1 d、1周、1个月随访，并检查裸眼视力、角膜厚度、波前像差及夜间视力、光晕、眩光等情况。比较两组患者角膜厚度变化、手术所用时间以及两组患者术后的高阶像差的差异。结果　试验组与对照组患者年龄分别为18～44（24.19±5.33）岁、18～42（25.08±4.91）岁，屈光度分别为（-7.47±1.04）D、（-7.61±1.12）D。两组年龄、屈光度比较差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。试验组与对照组患者术前Kappa角分别为，X轴:（210±40）μm、（200±30）μm，Y轴:（190±30）μm、（220±40）μm，差异无统计学意义（P=0.210）。两组手术前后的角膜厚度及术后角膜基质床的厚度差异均无统计学意义（均为P>0.05）。试验组与对照组的手术时间分别为（15.56±1.89）s和（20.83±3.03）s，差异有统计学意义（P=0.000）。试验组的总高阶像差和垂直慧差的变化均明显低于对照组（均为 P<0.01），但两组间的水平慧差差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），对照组的球差低于试验组（P<0.01）。结论　LASIK手术中科学合理地调整Kappa角可有助于提高患者术后的视觉质量。     

糖尿病黄斑水肿患者病变程度与脉络膜厚度的关系

目的　利用频域光学相干断层扫描深度增强（enhanced depth imaging spectral domain optical coherence tomography，EDI SD-OCT）观察糖尿病黄斑水肿（diabetic macular edema，DME）患者脉络膜厚度（choroidal thickness，CT）的变化及结构特点，探讨DME病变程度与CT的关系。方法　纳入2型糖尿病患者共123例204眼，其中69眼诊断为DME（DME组），135眼无黄斑水肿为对照组。DME眼依据OCT形态学特点进一步分为视网膜弥漫性增厚（diffuse retinal thickness，DRT）型（34眼）、黄斑囊样水肿（cystoid macular edema，CME）型（19眼）和浆液性视网膜脱离（serous retinal detachment，SRD）型（16眼），利用EDI-OCT分别测量黄斑中心凹下CT和以黄斑为中心上、下、鼻、颞500 μm、1000 μm、1500 μm、2000 μm处CT。结果　DME组黄斑中心凹下CT为（326.72±90.15）μm，对照组为（320.17±106.46）μm，两组之间无统计学差异，但黄斑中心凹下CT与视网膜厚度间具有明显正相关关系（r=0.270，P=0.025）。DME亚型CT分别为:DRT型（303.94±81.47）μm、CME型（304.42±73.98）μm和SRD型（401.63±88.80）μm，SRD型CT明显高于其他亚型（P<0.05），此外，SRD型的周边CT同样呈现均匀一致的增厚；鼻侧CT从500 μm至2000 μm呈距离敏感性降低（P<0.05），但SRD型鼻侧CT降低幅度明显变缓（P=0.195）。结论　SRD型黄斑水肿患者CT在中心凹下及周边部均显著增厚，CT与DME病变程度之间有一定相关性。     

Clinical Features,Treatment, and Visual Outcomes of Japanese Patients with Posterior Scleritis

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe clinical features and visual outcomes of Japanese patients with posterior scleritis.

Methods: Clinical records of 10 patients (13 eyes) presenting between 2006 and 2016 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: The mean age was 50.1 ± 20.8 years; 50% were women, and three patients had bilateral disease. Associated anterior scleritis (11 eyes, 85%) and serous retinal detachment (8 eyes, 62%) were common at presentation. Treatment consisted of corticosteroids (all patients) and immunosuppressive agents (seven patients). The mean subfoveal choroidal thickness was significantly reduced over follow-up [611 μm at baseline, 298 μm (p < 0.01) at 1 month, and 238 μm (p < 0.01) at 1 year]. Recurrent inflammation was observed in six patients. A best-corrected visual acuity of 0.8 or better was achieved in all 13 eyes at 3 years and 71% of eyes at 5 years.

Conclusion: Although 60% of patients with posterior scleritis had recurrence, visual outcomes were favorable.     

Assessment of oral ciprofloxacin impaired gut barrier integrity on gut bacteria in mice

Gut bacteria and gut barrier plays important roles in body homeostasis. Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) is widely used to treat bacterial infections. However, whether high dosage of CPFX has side effects on gut barrier integrity is still unclear. Our results indicated that the High CPFX treatment (1 mg/ml) caused weight loss, nervousness, anorexia, and increased apoptosis cells in gut, but less influence was observed in the Low CPFX group (0.2 mg/ml). Meanwhile, the High CPFX treatment impaired tight junction molecules Ocln/ZO-1 level and down-regulated antibacterial genes expression (reg3γ, pla2g2α and defb1). Further, the High CPFX treatment increased pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β in intestinal tract, decreased IL-17A of duodenum but increased IL-17A of colon at day 37. In addition, the gut bacterial diversity and richness behaved significantly loss regarding CPFX treatment, especially in the High CPFX group during the experiment. Indole exhibited sharply decline in both Low and High CPFX groups at day 7, and the High CPFX mice needed longer time on restoring indole level. Meanwhile, CPFX treatment strongly decreased the concentrations of butyric acid and valeric acid at day 1. Correlation analysis indicated that the linked patterns between the key bacteria (families Bacteroidales_S247, Ruminococcaceae and Desulfovibrionaceae) and metabolites (indole and butyric acid) were disturbed via the CPFX treatment. In conclusion, the High CPFX treatment impaired the gut barrier with the evidence of reduced expression of tight junction proteins, increased apoptosis cells and inflammatory cells, decreased the bacterial diversity and composition, which suggesting a proper antibiotic-dosage use should be carefully considered in disease treatment.